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349 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
349 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
# 🚀 GitHub Actions 的 SCP
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[English](README.md) | [简体中文](README.zh-cn.md)
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[GitHub Action](https://github.com/features/actions) 用於透過 SSH 複製檔案與產物。
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[](https://github.com/appleboy/scp-action/actions/workflows/stable.yml)
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[](https://github.com/appleboy/scp-action/actions/workflows/testing.yml)
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> **注意：** 只支援 **Linux** [docker](https://www.docker.com/) 容器。
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---
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## ✨ 功能特色
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- ✅ 透過 SSH 將檔案與產物複製到一台或多台遠端伺服器
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- ✅ 支援 SSH 金鑰與密碼驗證
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- ✅ 完整支援 SSH Proxy（跳板機）
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- ✅ 處理 Linux ↔ Windows 路徑轉換
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- ✅ 整合 GitHub Artifacts 工作流程
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- ✅ 支援增量與差異檔案傳輸
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- ✅ 豐富的進階設定選項
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---
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## 📦 目錄
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- [🚀 GitHub Actions 的 SCP](#-github-actions-的-scp)
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- [✨ 功能特色](#-功能特色)
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- [📦 目錄](#-目錄)
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- [🚀 快速開始](#-快速開始)
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- [⚙️ 設定說明](#️-設定說明)
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- [🔌 連線設定](#-連線設定)
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- [📁 檔案傳輸設定](#-檔案傳輸設定)
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- [🌐 Proxy 設定](#-proxy-設定)
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- [🛡️ 最佳實踐與安全性](#️-最佳實踐與安全性)
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- [🖥️ 跨平台注意事項](#️-跨平台注意事項)
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- [💡 使用範例](#-使用範例)
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- [🧩 情境導覽](#-情境導覽)
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- [範例 1：基本 SSH 密碼](#範例-1基本-ssh-密碼)
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- [範例 2：多台伺服器](#範例-2多台伺服器)
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- [範例 3：僅傳送變更檔案](#範例-3僅傳送變更檔案)
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- [範例 4：整合 Artifacts](#範例-4整合-artifacts)
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- [範例 5：Windows 伺服器](#範例-5windows-伺服器)
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- [🗝️ SSH 金鑰設定](#️-ssh-金鑰設定)
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- [🧰 常見錯誤代碼](#-常見錯誤代碼)
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- [🔄 工作流程圖](#-工作流程圖)
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- [FAQ 與疑難排解](#faq-與疑難排解)
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- [📝 授權條款](#-授權條款)
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---
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## 🚀 快速開始
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在 GitHub Actions 工作流程中透過 SSH 複製檔案與產物：
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```yaml
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name: scp files
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on: [push]
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jobs:
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build:
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runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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steps:
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- uses: actions/checkout@v4
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- name: 透過 SSH 複製檔案
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uses: appleboy/scp-action@v1
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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password: ${{ secrets.PASSWORD }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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source: "tests/a.txt,tests/b.txt"
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target: your_server_target_folder_path
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```
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---
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## ⚙️ 設定說明
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### 🔌 連線設定
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| 變數 | 說明 | 預設值 | 必填 |
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| --------------- | ------------------------------------ | ------ | ---- |
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| host | 遠端主機（多台以逗號分隔） | - | ✓ |
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| port | SSH 連接埠 | 22 | |
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| username | SSH 使用者名稱 | - | ✓ |
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| password | SSH 密碼（建議使用金鑰以提升安全性） | - | |
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| key | SSH 私鑰內容 | - | |
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| key_path | SSH 私鑰檔案路徑 | - | |
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| passphrase | SSH 私鑰密碼 | - | |
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| fingerprint | 主機金鑰 SHA256 指紋驗證 | - | |
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| protocol | IP 協定：'tcp'、'tcp4' 或 'tcp6' | tcp | |
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| timeout | SSH 連線逾時 | 30s | |
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| command_timeout | SCP 指令逾時 | 10m | |
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### 📁 檔案傳輸設定
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| 變數 | 說明 | 預設值 | 安全性說明 |
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| ---------------- | --------------------------------- | ------ | -------------- |
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| source | 本地要傳送的檔案/目錄（逗號分隔） | - | 請使用明確路徑 |
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| target | 遠端目標目錄（必須為目錄） | - | 避免使用根目錄 |
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| rm | 上傳前移除目標目錄 | - | 請小心使用 |
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| strip_components | 傳送時移除前置路徑元素 | - | |
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| overwrite | 使用 tar 覆蓋現有檔案 | - | |
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| tar_dereference | tar 傳送時跟隨符號連結 | - | |
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| tar_tmp_path | 目標端 tar 暫存檔路徑 | - | |
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| tar_exec | 目標端 tar 執行檔路徑 | tar | |
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| debug | 啟用除錯輸出 | - | |
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| curl_insecure | curl 使用 --insecure | false | 不建議 |
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| capture_stdout | 將指令 stdout 作為 action 輸出 | false | |
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| version | 指定 drone-scp 版本 | - | |
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### 🌐 Proxy 設定
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| 變數 | 說明 | 預設值 | 必填 |
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| ------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ------ | ---- |
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| proxy_host | SSH Proxy 主機 | - | |
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| proxy_port | SSH Proxy 連接埠 | 22 | |
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| proxy_username | SSH Proxy 使用者名稱 | - | |
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| proxy_password | SSH Proxy 密碼 | - | |
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| proxy_key | SSH Proxy 私鑰內容 | - | |
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| proxy_key_path | SSH Proxy 私鑰檔案路徑 | - | |
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| proxy_passphrase | SSH Proxy 私鑰密碼 | - | |
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| proxy_fingerprint | Proxy 主機 SHA256 指紋驗證 | - | |
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| proxy_use_insecure_cipher | 啟用較不安全的 Proxy 加密演算法 | - | |
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| proxy_timeout | SSH Proxy 連線逾時 | 30s | |
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---
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## 🛡️ 最佳實踐與安全性
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- **建議優先使用 SSH 金鑰驗證**，提升安全性。
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- 將所有敏感資訊（host、username、password、key）存放於 **GitHub Secrets**。
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- 定期**更換部署金鑰**（建議每 90 天一次）。
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- 限制目標伺服器目錄的寫入權限。
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- 啟用主機金鑰指紋驗證以防止中間人攻擊。
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- 避免使用 root 帳號登入 SSH。
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---
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## 🖥️ 跨平台注意事項
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| 情境 | Linux 伺服器 | Windows 伺服器 |
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| -------- | -------------- | ----------------------- |
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| 路徑格式 | `/path/to/dir` | `/c/path/to/dir` |
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| 必要設定 | 無 | `tar_dereference: true` |
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| 權限 | 保留 | 可能需手動設定 ACL |
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| Shell | bash (預設) | Git Bash（OpenSSH） |
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> 🚩 **重要提醒：**
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> 複製到 Windows 伺服器時：
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>
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> - 安裝 Git for Windows 並將 OpenSSH 預設 shell 設為 Git Bash
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> - 使用 Unix 風格目標路徑（如 `/c/Users/...`）
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> - 啟用 `tar_dereference` 處理符號連結
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---
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## 💡 使用範例
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### 🧩 情境導覽
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- **基本檔案傳輸** → [範例 1](#範例-1基本-ssh-密碼)
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- **多台伺服器部署** → [範例 2](#範例-2多台伺服器)
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- **僅傳送變更檔案** → [範例 3](#範例-3僅傳送變更檔案)
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- **整合 Artifacts** → [範例 4](#範例-4整合-artifacts)
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- **Windows 伺服器設定** → [範例 5](#範例-5windows-伺服器)
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---
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#### 範例 1：基本 SSH 密碼
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```yaml
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- name: 透過 SSH 密碼複製檔案
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uses: appleboy/scp-action@v1
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with:
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host: example.com
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username: foo
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password: bar
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port: 22
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source: "tests/a.txt,tests/b.txt"
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target: your_server_target_folder_path
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```
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#### 範例 2：多台伺服器
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```yaml
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- name: 複製到多台伺服器
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uses: appleboy/scp-action@v1
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with:
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host: "foo.com,bar.com"
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username: foo
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password: bar
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port: 22
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source: "tests/a.txt,tests/b.txt"
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target: your_server_target_folder_path
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```
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#### 範例 3：僅傳送變更檔案
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```yaml
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- name: 取得變更檔案
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id: changed-files
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uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v35
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with:
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since_last_remote_commit: true
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separator: ","
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- name: 複製變更檔案到伺服器
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uses: appleboy/scp-action@v1
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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source: ${{ steps.changed-files.outputs.all_changed_files }}
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target: your_server_target_folder_path
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```
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#### 範例 4：整合 Artifacts
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```yaml
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- uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
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with:
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name: my-artifact
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path: world.txt
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- uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
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with:
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name: my-artifact
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path: distfiles
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- name: 複製 artifact 到伺服器
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uses: appleboy/scp-action@v1
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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source: distfiles/*
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target: your_server_target_folder_path
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```
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#### 範例 5：Windows 伺服器
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```yaml
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- name: 複製到 Windows
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uses: appleboy/scp-action@v1
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }}
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port: 22
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source: "your_source_path"
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target: "/c/path/to/target/"
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tar_dereference: true
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rm: true
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```
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---
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## 🗝️ SSH 金鑰設定
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1. **產生 SSH 金鑰**（於本地端執行）：
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```bash
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# RSA
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ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"
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# ED25519
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ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -a 200 -C "your_email@example.com"
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```
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2. **將公鑰加入伺服器**：
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```bash
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cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh user@host 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'
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# 或 ed25519
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cat .ssh/id_ed25519.pub | ssh user@host 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'
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```
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3. **將私鑰內容複製到 GitHub Secrets**：
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```bash
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clip < ~/.ssh/id_rsa
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# 或
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clip < ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
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```
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> 更多細節請參考 [SSH 無密碼登入](http://www.linuxproblem.org/art_9.html)。
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**OpenSSH 注意事項：**
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若出現 `ssh: handshake failed: ssh: unable to authenticate, attempted methods [none publickey]`，請確認金鑰演算法支援。
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Ubuntu 20.04+ 可於 `/etc/ssh/sshd_config` 或 `/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/` 加入：
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```sh
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CASignatureAlgorithms +ssh-rsa
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```
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或改用 ed25519 金鑰（預設支援）。
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---
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## 🧰 常見錯誤代碼
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| 錯誤代碼 | 可能原因 | 解決方式 |
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| -------------- | --------------------- | --------------------------------- |
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| `ECONNREFUSED` | 連接埠錯誤/防火牆阻擋 | 檢查連接埠與防火牆設定 |
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| `ENOENT` | 找不到來源檔案 | 請用絕對路徑或檢查 checkout 步驟 |
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| `EAUTH` | 驗證失敗 | 檢查金鑰格式與權限（需 PEM 格式） |
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---
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## 🔄 工作流程圖
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```mermaid
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sequenceDiagram
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participant G as GitHub Runner
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participant S as Target Server
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G->>S: 建立 SSH 連線
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S-->>G: 驗證憑證
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G->>S: （可選）移除目標目錄
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G->>G: 封存來源檔案
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G->>S: 傳送封存檔
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S->>S: 解壓與處理檔案
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S-->>G: 回傳結果
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```
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---
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## FAQ 與疑難排解
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- **Q: 為什麼驗證失敗？**
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A: 請檢查 SSH 金鑰格式、權限，以及金鑰是否已加入伺服器。
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- **Q: 如何只複製變更檔案？**
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A: 使用 `tj-actions/changed-files` 取得變更檔案並傳給 `source`。
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- **Q: 如何部署到多台伺服器？**
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A: `host` 參數用逗號分隔多台主機，例如：`host: "foo.com,bar.com"`
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- **Q: 如何複製到 Windows？**
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A: 設定 Git Bash，使用 Unix 風格路徑，並啟用 `tar_dereference`。
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---
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## 📝 授權條款
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MIT License
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